Reading and Writing

Специально для 7-10 классов! Сочинение "За" и "Против"

В первом абзаце сформулируйте проблему, которую вы будете обсуждать, однако не повторяйте тему сочинения слово в слово. Представьте, что ваш читатель не знает, о чем пойдет речь, и попытайтесь объяснить ему проблему другими словами.

Выделите положительные и отрицательные стороны проблемы, подумайте о разумных аргументах, в поддержку обеих точек зрения. Помните, что вы должны выразить не только свою точку зрения, но и противоположную. Также не забудьте объяснить, почему вы не согласны с другой точкой зрения. Старайтесь соблюдать баланс между абзацами.

Используйте слова-связки, чтобы помочь читателю проследить за логикой ваших рассуждений. Помните, что вводные слова выделяются запятыми.

В последнем абзаце сделайте обобщающий вывод по данной проблеме. Вы можете также окончательно сформулировать свое мнение или предложить пути решения данной проблемы.

Структура по частям

Заголовок — название эссе, которое отражает тему повествования.

Введение — 2-4 коротких предложения, которые раскрывают тему эссе.

Основная часть — 2-3 абзаца, которые описывают суть сочинения. Максимально полно и грамотно раскройте тему, приведите доводы и аргументируйте их.

Заключение — 2-4 предложения, которые подводят итог. Общий вывод по теме.

В основной части сочинения все абзацы начинаются с вводного предложения (Topic Sentence) – введения. Далее мысль Topic Sentence развивается и подтверждается.

Объем сочинения должен составлять 200-250 слов. При этом артикль – это тоже слово, поэтому не слишком увлекайтесь с развитием идей, постарайтесь удержаться в заданных рамках.

Клише для сочинений

Выражения мнения:

I agree/ disagree

In my opinion, … / From my point of view, … / As far as I am concerned, …

I believe that…/ It seems to me that…

I am in favour of… / I am against the idea of…

According to…

Some people say that…

It is said/believed that…

There is no doubt that…

It cannot be denied that…

It goes without saying that…

We must admit that…

Представление аргументов:

The main argument against/in favour is…

First of all, I would like to consider…

The first thing I would like to consider is…

To begin with, …/ To start with, …

Despite the fact that…/ In spite of the fact that…

On the one hand, … /On the other hand, …

Besides,…/ In addition,…

What is more, …/ Moreover, …/ More than that, …

Finally, …

However, … / …, though

…although…

Nevertheless,…

Логические связки:

for this reason

therefore/that is why

thus sth happened because of/as a result of/owing to/due to/as a consequence of

Примеры:

For example

For instance

Such as

Like

Заключение:

To sum up, …

To conclude, I would argue that…

On this basis, I can conclude that…

In conclusion, I would like to stress that…

All in all, I believe that…

Пишем сочинение!

Пишем сочинение!

Организация текста будет характеризоваться логикой, если в письменном развернутом высказывании будут использованы фразы-конструкторы (organizing phrases) . Данные сочетания направлены на создание целостного текста и обеспечение логики изложения мыслей:

1. Введение мнения разных людей на рассматриваемую проблему:

Nowadays sоmе people todау hold the opinion that . . .

Others have а negative attitude . . .

Sоmе people might argue that .. .

Sоmе people hold the idea that .. .

Others believe that . . .

Sоmе people maintain the idea that . . .

Sоmе people warn that . . .

Sоmе people consider that . . .

Sоmе people claim that . . .

Others argue that . . .

Other people are of the opinion that . . .

Yet other people put forward the view that . . .

2. Введение собственного мнения:

As far as I аm concerned, . . .

According to ту point of view, . . .

I believe . . .

I consider . . .

To my mind, . . .

In mу opinion, . . .

It seems to mе that . . .

3. Представление аргументов:

First of all, . . .

Besides, . . .

In addition, . . .

What is mоrе, . . .

Additionally, .. .

Firstly, . . .

Secondly, .. .

Thirdly, .. .

4. Введение противоположного мнения:

However, some реорlе think that .. .

However, -some реорlе prove that .. .

The 2nd Criterion of Evaluation 1 259

Nevertheless, we сап find the opposing opinion . . .

At the same time, some people maintain the idea .. .

Nevertheless, some people disagree, saying . . .

5 . Настойчивое убеждение в собственной точке зрения:

However, I cannot agree with this opinion completely because ...

I а т unconvinced that . . .

It is hard to accept that . . .

It is unjustifiable to .. .

I don 't believe that .. .

There is little evidence to support the ... that

Nevertheless, I feel ...

However, / think ...

Personally, I believe ...

6. Представление выводов:

То conclude, .. .

In conclusion, .. .

To sum up, . . .

Выполняем упражнения!

Прочитайте текст и отметьте утверждения словами True (T), False (F), Not Stated (NS).

Orchard Road is the main shopping street of Singapore. It is a major tour­ist attraction but local people as well visit it regularly. It is 2.2 kilometers long. It got its name after the fruit orchards that the road led to in the mid-1800s. Orchard Road is full of malls, numerous up market restau­rants, coffee chains, cafes, nightclubs and hotels. Plaza Singapura is a major shopping centre in Orchard.

It is also the site of the official residence of the President of Singapore, the Istana. The Istana is at Orchard Road's southern end and on the northern side of Orchard Road are the Botanic Gardens. Each Christmas, Orchard Road is decorated with Christmas lights. The Christmas decorations along Orchard Road are famous for their beauty, with reindeer on palm trees and gingerbread houses covered with fake (искусственный) snow.

1.   Orchard Street is the longest street in Singapore.             ______

2.   Orchard Street is called so because

there were gardens in its place.                                       ______   

3.   Now it's a great shopping area.                                   ______   

4. There are still wonderful gardens at the end of the street. ______      

5.   Plaza Singapura is the oldest shopping center.            ______

6.   The President's residence is not far from Orchard Street. ______      

7.   If you walk along Orchard Street you can see

the president of the country in front of his office.            ______  

8. The best time for tourists                                                  

to come to Singapore is December.                                   ______

Ключики))))1 NS    2 F      3 T       4 T    5 NS   6 F       7 NS    8 NS 

Прочитайте   текст   и   заполните   пропуски   в   предложениях   частями   предложений, обозначенные буквами    а) - с).

Задание 1

A Useful Hobby

Dave is fond of listening to the short-wave bands on his radio. He likes looking for interesting foreign radio stations. When he finds a new station he writes down the details in a notebook and marks the place on the large map of the world. Now and then Dave's mother complains about the noise he makes and the other day his father turned off his radio because he was tired of the sounds that came from it.

However, not long ago Dave's hobby helped to save a person's life. Dave was looking for new stations between the 19 and 16 metre bands when he came across a very weak signal in Morse Code: "SOS ... SOS ... Mary Jane ... Position latitude 400 N, longitude 140 W... Sinking fast... SOS." A yacht, the Mary Jane, was in trouble in the Atlantic Ocean. Dave wrote down the details then called the police and gave them the information. The police informed the Navy and they sent a ship to save the man. The man wanted to reward Dave for helping him. So he gave Dave a new radio as a present. The new radio was larger and more powerful than the old one.

1.Dave listens to the short-wave bands on the radio       _________.

a) to save people's lives

b) to earn money

c)  because it is interesting

2. Dave's parents ______ get angry because of their son's noisy hobby.

a) never         b) sometimes           c) always

3. While Dave is looking for new stations his radio sometimes makes        ______ sounds.

a) horrible        b) loud            c) strange

4. Dave's father turned off the radio because he was       _______.

a) annoyed by the sounds

b) tired after work

c)  furious about the hobby

      5. One day when Dave was listening to the radio he ______.

a)  learnt Morse Code

b)  talked with the police

c)   heard an important signal

6. When Dave heard a faint signal he  _______.

a)couldn't understand it

b)ignored the signal

c) wrote all the details

7. When Dave got the message from the yacht he informed _______.

a) the police     b) the Navy     c) his parents

8. The saved man was thankful and he ______.

a) bought a yacht for Dave's family

b) gave Dave a radio

c)  gave Dave's parents a radio

Ключики))):1 с)     2 b)     3  b)     4 a)       5 c)      6  c)      7 a)      8 b)